首先,从CS:APP3e, Bryant and O'Hallaron处下载bomb lab handout。

解压后文件结构如下:

image-20260214163559747

使用objdump工具进行反汇编(objdump -D bomb | tee dump.txt)

这里反汇编结果有数千行,实际只需要聚焦main和它下面的几个phase及辅助函数(甚至main都不用看,直接看6个phase就行了)。

phase_1

0000000000400ee0 <phase_1>:
  400ee0:    48 83 ec 08              sub    $0x8,%rsp
  400ee4:    be 00 24 40 00           mov    $0x402400,%esi
  400ee9:    e8 4a 04 00 00           call   401338 <strings_not_equal>
  400eee:    85 c0                    test   %eax,%eax
  400ef0:    74 05                    je     400ef7 <phase_1+0x17>
  400ef2:    e8 43 05 00 00           call   40143a <explode_bomb>
  400ef7:    48 83 c4 08              add    $0x8,%rsp
  400efb:    c3                       ret

phase1直接使用gdb查0x402400处的值即可:

​ 先对phase_1断点,输入时随便输入即可,接着直接查值

image-20260214163617202

image-20260214163902757

该字符串即为phase1密码

phase_2

phase2中调用了该辅助函数,先对该函数进行分析

000000000040145c <read_six_numbers>:
  40145c:    48 83 ec 18              sub    $0x18,%rsp
  401460:    48 89 f2                 mov    %rsi,%rdx
  401463:    48 8d 4e 04              lea    0x4(%rsi),%rcx
  401467:    48 8d 46 14              lea    0x14(%rsi),%rax
  40146b:    48 89 44 24 08           mov    %rax,0x8(%rsp)
  401470:    48 8d 46 10              lea    0x10(%rsi),%rax
  401474:    48 89 04 24              mov    %rax,(%rsp)
  401478:    4c 8d 4e 0c              lea    0xc(%rsi),%r9
  40147c:    4c 8d 46 08              lea    0x8(%rsi),%r8
  401480:    be c3 25 40 00           mov    $0x4025c3,%esi
  401485:    b8 00 00 00 00           mov    $0x0,%eax
  40148a:    e8 61 f7 ff ff           call   400bf0 <__isoc99_sscanf@plt>
  40148f:    83 f8 05                 cmp    $0x5,%eax
  401492:    7f 05                    jg     401499 <read_six_numbers+0x3d>
  401494:    e8 a1 ff ff ff           call   40143a <explode_bomb>
  401499:    48 83 c4 18              add    $0x18,%rsp
  40149d:    c3                       ret

该函数的作用是从输入解析出6个数字,存放在栈上,如果不足6个就会触发explode_bomb(所以说输入7个甚至以上数字在这里都不会触发explode_bomb)

接着对phase_2进行分析:

0000000000400efc <phase_2>:
  400efc:    55                       push   %rbp
  400efd:    53                       push   %rbx
  400efe:    48 83 ec 28              sub    $0x28,%rsp
  400f02:    48 89 e6                 mov    %rsp,%rsi
  400f05:    e8 52 05 00 00           call   40145c <read_six_numbers>
  400f0a:    83 3c 24 01              cmpl   $0x1,(%rsp)
  400f0e:    74 20                    je     400f30 <phase_2+0x34>
  400f10:    e8 25 05 00 00           call   40143a <explode_bomb>
  400f15:    eb 19                    jmp    400f30 <phase_2+0x34>
  400f17:    8b 43 fc                 mov    -0x4(%rbx),%eax
  400f1a:    01 c0                    add    %eax,%eax
  400f1c:    39 03                    cmp    %eax,(%rbx)
  400f1e:    74 05                    je     400f25 <phase_2+0x29>
  400f20:    e8 15 05 00 00           call   40143a <explode_bomb>
  400f25:    48 83 c3 04              add    $0x4,%rbx
  400f29:    48 39 eb                 cmp    %rbp,%rbx
  400f2c:    75 e9                    jne    400f17 <phase_2+0x1b>
  400f2e:    eb 0c                    jmp    400f3c <phase_2+0x40>
  400f30:    48 8d 5c 24 04           lea    0x4(%rsp),%rbx
  400f35:    48 8d 6c 24 18           lea    0x18(%rsp),%rbp
  400f3a:    eb db                    jmp    400f17 <phase_2+0x1b>
  400f3c:    48 83 c4 28              add    $0x28,%rsp
  400f40:    5b                       pop    %rbx
  400f41:    5d                       pop    %rbp
  400f42:    c3                       ret

在从read_six_numbers返回后,检查第一个数字是否为1,如果不是1就会触发explode_bomb,接着跳转到0x400f30处,将rbx指向第二个数,rbp指向数组末尾后,接着跳转到0x400f17进入循环:

  400f17:    8b 43 fc                 mov    -0x4(%rbx),%eax
  400f1a:    01 c0                    add    %eax,%eax
  400f1c:    39 03                    cmp    %eax,(%rbx)
  400f1e:    74 05                    je     400f25 <phase_2+0x29>
  400f20:    e8 15 05 00 00           call   40143a <explode_bomb>
  400f25:    48 83 c3 04              add    $0x4,%rbx
  400f29:    48 39 eb                 cmp    %rbp,%rbx
  400f2c:    75 e9                    jne    400f17 <phase_2+0x1b>

该循环会取出当前指针的前一个数乘2,然后与当前位置的数相比 。也就是说,后一个数是前一个数的二倍,所以正确答案是1 2 4 8 16 32

(该程序只判断前6个数,也就是说答案可以不唯一)

phase_3

0000000000400f43 <phase_3>:
  400f43:    48 83 ec 18              sub    $0x18,%rsp
  400f47:    48 8d 4c 24 0c           lea    0xc(%rsp),%rcx
  400f4c:    48 8d 54 24 08           lea    0x8(%rsp),%rdx
  400f51:    be cf 25 40 00           mov    $0x4025cf,%esi
  400f56:    b8 00 00 00 00           mov    $0x0,%eax
  400f5b:    e8 90 fc ff ff           call   400bf0 <__isoc99_sscanf@plt>
  400f60:    83 f8 01                 cmp    $0x1,%eax
  400f63:    7f 05                    jg     400f6a <phase_3+0x27>
  400f65:    e8 d0 04 00 00           call   40143a <explode_bomb>
  400f6a:    83 7c 24 08 07           cmpl   $0x7,0x8(%rsp)
  400f6f:    77 3c                    ja     400fad <phase_3+0x6a>
  400f71:    8b 44 24 08              mov    0x8(%rsp),%eax
  400f75:    ff 24 c5 70 24 40 00     jmp    *0x402470(,%rax,8)
  400f7c:    b8 cf 00 00 00           mov    $0xcf,%eax
  400f81:    eb 3b                    jmp    400fbe <phase_3+0x7b>
  400f83:    b8 c3 02 00 00           mov    $0x2c3,%eax
  400f88:    eb 34                    jmp    400fbe <phase_3+0x7b>
  400f8a:    b8 00 01 00 00           mov    $0x100,%eax
  400f8f:    eb 2d                    jmp    400fbe <phase_3+0x7b>
  400f91:    b8 85 01 00 00           mov    $0x185,%eax
  400f96:    eb 26                    jmp    400fbe <phase_3+0x7b>
  400f98:    b8 ce 00 00 00           mov    $0xce,%eax
  400f9d:    eb 1f                    jmp    400fbe <phase_3+0x7b>
  400f9f:    b8 aa 02 00 00           mov    $0x2aa,%eax
  400fa4:    eb 18                    jmp    400fbe <phase_3+0x7b>
  400fa6:    b8 47 01 00 00           mov    $0x147,%eax
  400fab:    eb 11                    jmp    400fbe <phase_3+0x7b>
  400fad:    e8 88 04 00 00           call   40143a <explode_bomb>
  400fb2:    b8 00 00 00 00           mov    $0x0,%eax
  400fb7:    eb 05                    jmp    400fbe <phase_3+0x7b>
  400fb9:    b8 37 01 00 00           mov    $0x137,%eax
  400fbe:    3b 44 24 0c              cmp    0xc(%rsp),%eax
  400fc2:    74 05                    je     400fc9 <phase_3+0x86>
  400fc4:    e8 71 04 00 00           call   40143a <explode_bomb>
  400fc9:    48 83 c4 18              add    $0x18,%rsp
  400fcd:    c3                       ret

0x400f60处表明输入要有两个整数,否则会触发explode_bombscanf获取的两个数字会被存放到栈上。接着会跳转到0x400f6a,判断第一个数是否大于7,如果比7大,会触发explode_bomb。然后程序将输入的第一个数字(假定为x)放入eax寄存器中,查询0x402470+8*x处的值作为跳转地址,所以此时我们要做的是查内存:

先对phase_3打断点,输入前两个密码,第三个随便输入即可,接着使用x/8a 0x402470得到如下跳转表:

image-20260216135307737

接着根据跳转表即可获取8份答案(其实两个数字后还可以继续加东西,不会进行检测)

phase_4

phase_4中调用了func4,先来分析func4(假定中值为mid,目标值为x,上下限分别为high和low):

0000000000400fce <func4>:
  400fce:    48 83 ec 08              sub    $0x8,%rsp
  400fd2:    89 d0                    mov    %edx,%eax
  400fd4:    29 f0                    sub    %esi,%eax
  400fd6:    89 c1                    mov    %eax,%ecx
  400fd8:    c1 e9 1f                 shr    $0x1f,%ecx
  400fdb:    01 c8                    add    %ecx,%eax
  400fdd:    d1 f8                    sar    $1,%eax
  400fdf:    8d 0c 30                 lea    (%rax,%rsi,1),%ecx
  400fe2:    39 f9                    cmp    %edi,%ecx
  400fe4:    7e 0c                    jle    400ff2 <func4+0x24>
  400fe6:    8d 51 ff                 lea    -0x1(%rcx),%edx
  400fe9:    e8 e0 ff ff ff           call   400fce <func4>
  400fee:    01 c0                    add    %eax,%eax
  400ff0:    eb 15                    jmp    401007 <func4+0x39>
  400ff2:    b8 00 00 00 00           mov    $0x0,%eax
  400ff7:    39 f9                    cmp    %edi,%ecx
  400ff9:    7d 0c                    jge    401007 <func4+0x39>
  400ffb:    8d 71 01                 lea    0x1(%rcx),%esi
  400ffe:    e8 cb ff ff ff           call   400fce <func4>
  401003:    8d 44 00 01              lea    0x1(%rax,%rax,1),%eax
  401007:    48 83 c4 08              add    $0x8,%rsp
  40100b:    c3                       ret

这段代码是递归二分查找,然后根据查找路径计算一个特定的值。

首先,从0x400fce0x400fdf是在计算中间值,计算完毕后ecx存储的即为中值。

0x400fe2将中值与目标值进行比较,产生了分支,进而进行递归执行。如果目标值小于中值,则向左递归,返回的结果乘2;反之,先检查是否目标值还小于等于中值(即目标值=中值),则立即返回0,否则就继续向右递归,返回结果乘2再加1.

实际上,就是构造一个二进制数字串,向左递归就在末尾加0,向右则加1.

接着分析phase_4:

000000000040100c <phase_4>:
  40100c:    48 83 ec 18              sub    $0x18,%rsp
  401010:    48 8d 4c 24 0c           lea    0xc(%rsp),%rcx
  401015:    48 8d 54 24 08           lea    0x8(%rsp),%rdx
  40101a:    be cf 25 40 00           mov    $0x4025cf,%esi
  40101f:    b8 00 00 00 00           mov    $0x0,%eax
  401024:    e8 c7 fb ff ff           call   400bf0 <__isoc99_sscanf@plt>
  401029:    83 f8 02                 cmp    $0x2,%eax
  40102c:    75 07                    jne    401035 <phase_4+0x29>
  40102e:    83 7c 24 08 0e           cmpl   $0xe,0x8(%rsp)
  401033:    76 05                    jbe    40103a <phase_4+0x2e>
  401035:    e8 00 04 00 00           call   40143a <explode_bomb>
  40103a:    ba 0e 00 00 00           mov    $0xe,%edx
  40103f:    be 00 00 00 00           mov    $0x0,%esi
  401044:    8b 7c 24 08              mov    0x8(%rsp),%edi
  401048:    e8 81 ff ff ff           call   400fce <func4>
  40104d:    85 c0                    test   %eax,%eax
  40104f:    75 07                    jne    401058 <phase_4+0x4c>
  401051:    83 7c 24 0c 00           cmpl   $0x0,0xc(%rsp)
  401056:    74 05                    je     40105d <phase_4+0x51>
  401058:    e8 dd 03 00 00           call   40143a <explode_bomb>
  40105d:    48 83 c4 18              add    $0x18,%rsp
  401061:    c3                       ret

可以发现,该phase要求输入两个数字,第一个是查找的目标值,第二个是fun4计算的值,最后会将func4计算的结果与输入的值进行比较。同时,查找的范围为0到14,所以最显而易见的答案是7 0(7正好为中值)。

当然,答案不唯一。

phase_5

0000000000401062 <phase_5>:
  401062:    53                       push   %rbx
  401063:    48 83 ec 20              sub    $0x20,%rsp
  401067:    48 89 fb                 mov    %rdi,%rbx
  40106a:    64 48 8b 04 25 28 00     mov    %fs:0x28,%rax
  401071:    00 00
  401073:    48 89 44 24 18           mov    %rax,0x18(%rsp)
  401078:    31 c0                    xor    %eax,%eax
  40107a:    e8 9c 02 00 00           call   40131b <string_length>
  40107f:    83 f8 06                 cmp    $0x6,%eax
  401082:    74 4e                    je     4010d2 <phase_5+0x70>
  401084:    e8 b1 03 00 00           call   40143a <explode_bomb>
  401089:    eb 47                    jmp    4010d2 <phase_5+0x70>
  40108b:    0f b6 0c 03              movzbl (%rbx,%rax,1),%ecx
  40108f:    88 0c 24                 mov    %cl,(%rsp)
  401092:    48 8b 14 24              mov    (%rsp),%rdx
  401096:    83 e2 0f                 and    $0xf,%edx
  401099:    0f b6 92 b0 24 40 00     movzbl 0x4024b0(%rdx),%edx
  4010a0:    88 54 04 10              mov    %dl,0x10(%rsp,%rax,1)
  4010a4:    48 83 c0 01              add    $0x1,%rax
  4010a8:    48 83 f8 06              cmp    $0x6,%rax
  4010ac:    75 dd                    jne    40108b <phase_5+0x29>
  4010ae:    c6 44 24 16 00           movb   $0x0,0x16(%rsp)
  4010b3:    be 5e 24 40 00           mov    $0x40245e,%esi
  4010b8:    48 8d 7c 24 10           lea    0x10(%rsp),%rdi
  4010bd:    e8 76 02 00 00           call   401338 <strings_not_equal>
  4010c2:    85 c0                    test   %eax,%eax
  4010c4:    74 13                    je     4010d9 <phase_5+0x77>
  4010c6:    e8 6f 03 00 00           call   40143a <explode_bomb>
  4010cb:    0f 1f 44 00 00           nopl   0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
  4010d0:    eb 07                    jmp    4010d9 <phase_5+0x77>
  4010d2:    b8 00 00 00 00           mov    $0x0,%eax
  4010d7:    eb b2                    jmp    40108b <phase_5+0x29>
  4010d9:    48 8b 44 24 18           mov    0x18(%rsp),%rax
  4010de:    64 48 33 04 25 28 00     xor    %fs:0x28,%rax
  4010e5:    00 00
  4010e7:    74 05                    je     4010ee <phase_5+0x8c>
  4010e9:    e8 42 fa ff ff           call   400b30 <__stack_chk_fail@plt>
  4010ee:    48 83 c4 20              add    $0x20,%rsp
  4010f2:    5b                       pop    %rbx
  4010f3:    c3                       ret

0x40106a0x401078是设置canary值,接着检查输入的字符串长度是否为6,如果不是则触发explode_bomb,接着会跳转到0x4010d2rax清零,再跳到0x40108b进入循环。

循环中会取出当前字符的第四位作为索引,到0x4024b0取值,将取到的值放到新缓冲区,最后将生成字符串与目标字符串(存储在0x40245e)进行对比。

image-20260216212559492

image-20260216212649341

最后即可得到答案:ionefg

phase_6

00000000004010f4 <phase_6>:
  4010f4:    41 56                    push   %r14
  4010f6:    41 55                    push   %r13
  4010f8:    41 54                    push   %r12
  4010fa:    55                       push   %rbp
  4010fb:    53                       push   %rbx
  4010fc:    48 83 ec 50              sub    $0x50,%rsp
  401100:    49 89 e5                 mov    %rsp,%r13
  401103:    48 89 e6                 mov    %rsp,%rsi
  401106:    e8 51 03 00 00           call   40145c <read_six_numbers>
  40110b:    49 89 e6                 mov    %rsp,%r14
  40110e:    41 bc 00 00 00 00        mov    $0x0,%r12d
  401114:    4c 89 ed                 mov    %r13,%rbp
  401117:    41 8b 45 00              mov    0x0(%r13),%eax
  40111b:    83 e8 01                 sub    $0x1,%eax
  40111e:    83 f8 05                 cmp    $0x5,%eax
  401121:    76 05                    jbe    401128 <phase_6+0x34>
  401123:    e8 12 03 00 00           call   40143a <explode_bomb>
  401128:    41 83 c4 01              add    $0x1,%r12d
  40112c:    41 83 fc 06              cmp    $0x6,%r12d
  401130:    74 21                    je     401153 <phase_6+0x5f>
  401132:    44 89 e3                 mov    %r12d,%ebx
  401135:    48 63 c3                 movslq %ebx,%rax
  401138:    8b 04 84                 mov    (%rsp,%rax,4),%eax
  40113b:    39 45 00                 cmp    %eax,0x0(%rbp)
  40113e:    75 05                    jne    401145 <phase_6+0x51>
  401140:    e8 f5 02 00 00           call   40143a <explode_bomb>
  401145:    83 c3 01                 add    $0x1,%ebx
  401148:    83 fb 05                 cmp    $0x5,%ebx
  40114b:    7e e8                    jle    401135 <phase_6+0x41>
  40114d:    49 83 c5 04              add    $0x4,%r13
  401151:    eb c1                    jmp    401114 <phase_6+0x20>
  401153:    48 8d 74 24 18           lea    0x18(%rsp),%rsi
  401158:    4c 89 f0                 mov    %r14,%rax
  40115b:    b9 07 00 00 00           mov    $0x7,%ecx
  401160:    89 ca                    mov    %ecx,%edx
  401162:    2b 10                    sub    (%rax),%edx
  401164:    89 10                    mov    %edx,(%rax)
  401166:    48 83 c0 04              add    $0x4,%rax
  40116a:    48 39 f0                 cmp    %rsi,%rax
  40116d:    75 f1                    jne    401160 <phase_6+0x6c>
  40116f:    be 00 00 00 00           mov    $0x0,%esi
  401174:    eb 21                    jmp    401197 <phase_6+0xa3>
  401176:    48 8b 52 08              mov    0x8(%rdx),%rdx
  40117a:    83 c0 01                 add    $0x1,%eax
  40117d:    39 c8                    cmp    %ecx,%eax
  40117f:    75 f5                    jne    401176 <phase_6+0x82>
  401181:    eb 05                    jmp    401188 <phase_6+0x94>
  401183:    ba d0 32 60 00           mov    $0x6032d0,%edx
  401188:    48 89 54 74 20           mov    %rdx,0x20(%rsp,%rsi,2)
  40118d:    48 83 c6 04              add    $0x4,%rsi
  401191:    48 83 fe 18              cmp    $0x18,%rsi
  401195:    74 14                    je     4011ab <phase_6+0xb7>
  401197:    8b 0c 34                 mov    (%rsp,%rsi,1),%ecx
  40119a:    83 f9 01                 cmp    $0x1,%ecx
  40119d:    7e e4                    jle    401183 <phase_6+0x8f>
  40119f:    b8 01 00 00 00           mov    $0x1,%eax
  4011a4:    ba d0 32 60 00           mov    $0x6032d0,%edx
  4011a9:    eb cb                    jmp    401176 <phase_6+0x82>
  4011ab:    48 8b 5c 24 20           mov    0x20(%rsp),%rbx
  4011b0:    48 8d 44 24 28           lea    0x28(%rsp),%rax
  4011b5:    48 8d 74 24 50           lea    0x50(%rsp),%rsi
  4011ba:    48 89 d9                 mov    %rbx,%rcx
  4011bd:    48 8b 10                 mov    (%rax),%rdx
  4011c0:    48 89 51 08              mov    %rdx,0x8(%rcx)
  4011c4:    48 83 c0 08              add    $0x8,%rax
  4011c8:    48 39 f0                 cmp    %rsi,%rax
  4011cb:    74 05                    je     4011d2 <phase_6+0xde>
  4011cd:    48 89 d1                 mov    %rdx,%rcx
  4011d0:    eb eb                    jmp    4011bd <phase_6+0xc9>
  4011d2:    48 c7 42 08 00 00 00     movq   $0x0,0x8(%rdx)
  4011d9:    00
  4011da:    bd 05 00 00 00           mov    $0x5,%ebp
  4011df:    48 8b 43 08              mov    0x8(%rbx),%rax
  4011e3:    8b 00                    mov    (%rax),%eax
  4011e5:    39 03                    cmp    %eax,(%rbx)
  4011e7:    7d 05                    jge    4011ee <phase_6+0xfa>
  4011e9:    e8 4c 02 00 00           call   40143a <explode_bomb>
  4011ee:    48 8b 5b 08              mov    0x8(%rbx),%rbx
  4011f2:    83 ed 01                 sub    $0x1,%ebp
  4011f5:    75 e8                    jne    4011df <phase_6+0xeb>
  4011f7:    48 83 c4 50              add    $0x50,%rsp
  4011fb:    5b                       pop    %rbx
  4011fc:    5d                       pop    %rbp
  4011fd:    41 5c                    pop    %r12
  4011ff:    41 5d                    pop    %r13
  401201:    41 5e                    pop    %r14
  401203:    c3                       ret

0x401106- 0x401153的作用是先检查输入是否都在1到6之间,接着将其与后面的数字进行比较,确保该数字只出现了一次。

0x401153 - 0x40116f则将6个数字都执行反转操作,即7-x。

0x401183处可以知道一个关键的地址0x6032d0,从mov 0x8(%rdx), %rdx可以看出,这可能是指针跳跃,链表结构。同时0x4011e3处的指令mov (%rax), %eax表明偏移0处存放着链表节点的值。

因此可以使用x/24wx 0x6032d0查看链表的内存结构:

image-20260216222427186

第一列即为各节点的值。

0x4011ab - 0x4011d9则会根据输入的数字重排链表。

最后则会遍历链表,检查当前节点与下一个节点的值,只有当链表为降序排序时才能通过。

考虑到最开始的数字翻转,答案为4 3 2 1 6 5

注意!如果使用./bomb xxx.txt的形式进行输入,最后一定要有一个空行(换行符),否则炸弹还是会爆炸